Capacitors are always connected in what way with the start winding?

Capacitors are typically connected in series with the start winding of single-phase induction motors to improve their starting torque. The purpose of this configuration is to create a phase shift in the current flowing through the start winding, which is essential for generating the necessary rotating magnetic field to start the motor. By connecting the capacitor in series, it allows the voltage and current in the start winding to be out of phase with that in the run winding, enhancing the motor's start performance.

In this series connection, the capacitor enables a higher phase difference, which in turn leads to the development of a stronger magnetic field that aids in overcoming inertia during startup. Once the motor reaches a certain speed, a centrifugal switch or relay disconnects the capacitor and start winding from the circuit, allowing the motor to run efficiently on the run winding alone. This is a key aspect of how capacitors function within single-phase motors, leading to their effective and reliable operation.