What is a short circuit?

A short circuit occurs when there is an unintended connection that allows current to flow along an unintended path, effectively bypassing the intended load in the circuit. This situation is characterized by very low resistance, which can lead to a significant increase in current flow beyond what the circuit was designed to handle. When this excessive current flows, it can cause overheating, equipment damage, and potential fire hazards.

Under normal operating conditions, electric circuits are designed with specific current pathways that include loads like appliances or lights that consume electrical energy. A short circuit disrupts this normal behavior, leading to potentially dangerous situations. Therefore, identifying a short circuit as a condition that causes unwanted current flow aligns perfectly with its definition and characteristics within electrical theory.