What is the main function of a transformer in an electrical system?

The primary function of a transformer in an electrical system is to increase or decrease voltage levels. This is accomplished through the principle of electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current (AC) passing through the primary coil of the transformer generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The ratio of turns in the primary to the secondary coil determines whether the voltage is increased (stepped up) or decreased (stepped down).

Transformers play a crucial role in electrical distribution systems, allowing for the efficient transmission of electrical power over long distances by stepping up the voltage, which reduces current and minimizes energy loss due to resistance in the conductors. At the point of use, the voltage can then be stepped down to a safe and usable level for homes and businesses.

While converting AC to DC, storing electrical energy, and protecting against overloads are important functions in electrical systems, they do not pertain specifically to the purpose of a transformer. These functions are typically handled by other components, such as rectifiers, capacitors, and circuit breakers.